Breastfeeding Basics: Common Questions Answered
Breastfeeding is a beautiful and natural way to nourish a baby, but it often comes with a lot of questions—especially for new parents. From concerns about milk supply to questions about latching, pumping, or weaning, it’s completely normal to feel unsure at times. The good news? You’re not alone. Whether you’re just starting your breastfeeding journey or are a few months in and looking for support, PIH Health is here to help. We’ve gathered answers to 10 of the most common breastfeeding questions to provide clarity, encouragement, and practical advice. Let’s dive in and make this part of parenting feel a little more manageable and a lot more supported.
1. When will I start producing breast milk?
According to Sara Soto MD, obstetrician at PIH Health, “Your body begins producing breastmilk, around week 12 to week 16 of your pregnancy.” After giving birth, a specialized breastmilk known as colostrum is the first milk that you produce and is known for its high concentration of nutrients and antibodies. 3-5 days after giving birth, your breastmilk can begin to transition to a combination of colostrum and mature milk and will increase in volume. If you are wondering how to increase breast milk supply or how much colostrum per feeding is normal for you and your baby, reach out to an International Board-Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) at PIH Health.
2. Is it normal for breastfeeding to hurt?
“It's normal to experience mild nipple tenderness in the first few days of breastfeeding as you and your baby learn together,” says Dr. Soto. However, ongoing or intense pain beyond the first week may signal issues like a poor latch or positioning problems. Small adjustments to how you hold or position your baby can make a big difference. A good latch is key to comfortable feeding and an IBCLC at PIH Health can help with technique, assess any concerns, and guide nipple healing if needed.
3. When will my baby learn to latch?
Latching is a skill both you and your baby learn together. Taking a prenatal breastfeeding class and meeting with an IBCLC before birth can help set expectations and teach helpful techniques. In the hospital, nurses and lactation consultants will assist with latching, but if you're struggling at home, don’t hesitate to reach out for support. Breastfeeding should not be painful so discomfort may signal a shallow latch or something else. A deep, effective latch, where baby takes in a good portion of the areola, is key to comfort and successful feeding.
4. Is it safe to take medications while breastfeeding?
Before taking any medications while breastfeeding, it's important to consult your doctor. Dr. Soto says that while most medications pass into breast milk at low levels and are generally safe, some (such as decongestants) can affect your baby or your milk supply. Always weigh the potential risks and benefits with your healthcare provider and consider involving an IBCLC for additional guidance. They can work with your care team to help ensure both you and your baby stay safe and supported.
5. What should I be eating while breastfeeding?
A healthy breastfeeding diet should focus on nutrient-dense foods that support both mom and baby. Include whole grains like oatmeal and brown rice for energy and fiber, along with lean proteins such as eggs, dairy, beans, and low-mercury seafood. A variety of fruits and vegetables ensures a good intake of essential vitamins and minerals. Calcium-rich foods help with baby’s bone and brain development, and a daily vitamin D supplement is recommended, especially in colder months. “Staying well-hydrated is also key, while limiting sugary drinks,” says Dr. Soto. “These habits help maintain milk supply and overall health.”
6. Should I stop breastfeeding if I get sick?
If you're feeling unwell, it’s usually safe and even beneficial to keep breastfeeding. Common illnesses like colds or fevers don’t typically require you to stop nursing, and your body actually passes helpful antibodies to your baby through breast milk. However, there are a few rare situations, such as certain infections or treatments like chemotherapy, where breastfeeding may not be safe. In those cases, your doctor will guide you on what’s best. When in doubt, reach out to your healthcare provider or IBCLC.
7. How much should my newborn be eating every day?
“In the early months, it's normal for newborns to feed frequently—about 8 to 12 times in 24 hours,” says Dr. Soto. Most babies get hungry every 2 to 4 hours and may start by taking in around 50 ml per feeding. As your baby grows, their appetite will gradually increase, reaching about 120 ml per feed by the end of the first few months. You can generally expect an increase of about 30 ml each month until around 6 months of age. Every baby is different, so try to follow their cues and remember that frequent feeding is a healthy, normal part of their development.
8. Should I wake my newborn to feed them?
Although it might feel difficult, waking your baby to feed during the first few days after birth is often necessary. Frequent feeding helps your baby gain weight steadily and supports your milk supply. Most newborns need this extra support until they regain their birth weight, which usually happens by around two weeks. Your pediatrician will guide you on when it's safe to let your baby sleep longer stretches.
9. What is the best way to store my breast milk?
The best recommended containers for storing breast milk are BPA-free plastic bottles or bags designed especially for pumping and freezing. Make sure to label containers with the date expressed and quantity before refrigerating or freezing. Leave an inch of empty space in bottles or bags for milk to expand as it freezes without rupturing the bag or popping off lids.
10. How long can I store my breast milk?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC, if you are pumping breast milk to store for future use, you can store it in a refrigerator for up to four days, in a basic freezer for 3 to 6 months, and for 6 to 12 months in a deep freezer. Once you take out stored breast milk, it is good for 24 hours at room temperature, and it is ideal to thaw the amount you want to consume and leave the rest in the freezer. Remember to label containers with the date expressed and quantity before refrigerating or freezing.
For more information on breastfeeding support at PIH Health, go to PIHHealth.org/Breastfeeding
Sara Soto MD
Learn more about Dr. Sara Soto, an Obstetrics & Gynecology specialist at PIH Health.
View Dr. Soto's Profile
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