How the Sun Can Increase Your Risk for Eye Problems 

Most people understand the damage that the sun can cause to their skin, but many don’t realize that the same ultraviolet rays can also harm their eyes. Over time, repeated exposure can lead to various eye problems.  

How does the sun damage your eyes?  

UV rays from the sun are able to damage different parts of the eye. “UV damage can happen quickly or build up over time, which is why it is important to protect your eyes every day-even when it is cloudy,” says PIH Health Ophthalmologist Timothy J. Peiris MD. 

Several eye conditions are more likely to develop if your eyes are often exposed to UV rays without protection, including: 

• Cataracts: These happen when the clear lens inside your eye becomes cloudy. This can cause vision to become blurry, dull, or make it harder for you to see at night. Cataracts commonly develop as people get older, but UV exposure could lead to increased risk or faster development. 
• Macular Degeneration: This is a condition that affects the part of the eye responsible for sharp central vision. Over time, it can make activities like reading or driving harder. While this can also be attributed to older age, research suggests that sunlight also plays a role. 
• Pterygium: This is a growth that can form on the white part of the eye. It commonly occurs in people who spend a lot of time outdoors. In some cases, it may affect vision and need treatment. 
• Photokeratitis: This is sometimes called “sunburn of the eye.” It can occur after intense UV exposure, especially around water or snow. Symptoms include pain, redness, blurry vision, watering eyes and feeling like something is stuck in your eye. 

Who is most at risk of sun-related eye problems? 

While anyone can develop eye issues due to repeated sun exposure, some people may be more vulnerable than others.