Signs That Something Is Wrong with Your Cervical Health

Most cervical issues do not have symptoms, but here’s how to keep your cervix healthier.

Your cervix is a small muscular canal that connects your uterus to your vagina. It allows fluids to pass between them while stopping any objects inserted into the vagina from reaching the uterus. It also plays a key role during pregnancy and childbirth.

“Your cervical health plays a critical role in your overall reproductive health,” says Teresa Leung DO, PIH Health OB/GYN. “It’s not something most people think about often but maintaining a healthy cervix can prevent potential complications later on.”

Dr. Leung emphasizes the importance of regular checkups: “Even if you feel fine and have no symptoms, periodic cervical screenings, like Pap smears or HPV testing, are vital to detecting problems early.”

What conditions may affect the cervix?

The most common condition that affects the cervix is human papillomavirus (HPV). This is a sexually transmitted infection that may cause abnormal cell growth on the cervix, which may lead to cancer.

“HPV is so common that most sexually active individuals will be exposed to it at some point,” explains Dr. Leung. “While most HPV infections go away on their own, certain types can cause changes in cervical cells that may develop into cancer if left untreated.”

Other conditions that may affect the cervix include:

• Inflammation of the cervix, often caused by reactions to contraceptives or infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, or trichomoniasis
• Growth of polyps, fibroids, or cysts, which are usually benign and non-cancerous

Dr. Leung adds, “These conditions may not always be serious, but it’s important to monitor them with your doctor to ensure they don’t worsen over time.”

Are there signs that something may be wrong with your cervix?

Most conditions affecting the cervix don’t cause any signs or symptoms. However, if you experience any of the following, it may indicate an issue:

• Heavy menstrual bleeding or bleeding between periods
• Watery or bloody vaginal discharge
• Pain during urination
• General fatigue, discomfort, or feeling unwell

“If you experience any unusual symptoms, it’s essential to seek medical attention right away,” says Dr. Leung. “Even if it’s not related to your cervix, these signs could point to other reproductive or pelvic health concerns.”

Since many cervical issues are asymptomatic, Dr. Leung underscores the importance of routine exams: “Pelvic exams and screening tests like Pap smears allow us to catch potential issues before they cause noticeable symptoms. Prevention and early detection are key.”

If any issues with your cervix are suspected, further testing may be done. A biopsy or colposcopy can remove cervical tissue for laboratory testing. Doctors may also use imaging tests, such as ultrasounds, MRIs, or CT scans, to get a closer look at the cervix.

How can you protect your cervical health?

“The best thing you can do to protect your cervical health is to get vaccinated against HPV,” says Dr. Leung. “The HPV vaccine is highly effective at preventing the strains of the virus most likely to cause cervical cancer.”

She also stresses the importance of regular screenings: “Screening tests are a powerful tool to detect early changes in cervical cells, allowing us to intervene before they progress to cancer.”

Additional ways to protect your cervical health include practicing safer sex to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections and maintaining a strong relationship with your healthcare provider.

“There are so many factors that contribute to your overall health,” says Dr. Leung. “The better your doctor knows you, the better they can help you maintain good health, including your cervix.”

To find a doctor, visit PIHHealth.org/Doctors.