What Is Rosacea? Signs, Triggers, and How to Treat It
Rosacea is a long-term (chronic) skin condition that affects millions of people. "Many people mistake rosacea for acne or simple skin sensitivity, but it’s a unique condition that requires specific care and treatment," says Jamal Saleh MD, a board-certified dermatologist at PIH Health. It causes redness, bumps, pimples, and visible blood vessels on the face. In more severe cases, it can lead to thickened skin and eye irritation. While rosacea can’t be cured, treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
What Is Rosacea?
Rosacea is a skin condition that mostly affects the face. It can cause redness, small red bumps, and swollen blood vessels. Some people may also experience eye problems, such as redness, burning, or swollen eyelids. In extreme cases, the nose can become enlarged and bumpy, a condition called rhinophyma. The symptoms of rosacea tend to come and go, with flare-ups happening every few weeks or months.
Who Gets Rosacea?
Anyone can develop rosacea, but certain people are more at risk. It is most common in adults between the ages of 30 and 60. People with fair skin, especially those of northern or western European descent, are more likely to have rosacea. Women are three times more likely to be diagnosed, but men often experience more severe symptoms. Rosacea can also run in families.
What Causes Rosacea?
The exact cause of rosacea is unknown, but experts believe it may be linked to several factors, including:
- Family history (genetics)
- Abnormal immune system response
- Reaction to mites or bacteria on the skin
- Blood vessel disorders that increase blood flow to the skin
- Certain medications
Common Triggers for Rosacea
Certain things can make rosacea worse. These are called triggers, and they vary from person to person. Some common triggers include:
- Sun exposure
- Hot or spicy foods
- Alcohol
- Stress, especially anger or embarrassment
- Hot drinks
- Exercise
- Harsh skin products
- Some medications
Symptoms of Rosacea
Rosacea often starts with frequent blushing or flushing of the face. Over time, the redness becomes more permanent, especially around the nose, cheeks, chin, and forehead. Other symptoms include:
- Visible blood vessels on the face
- Red, pus-filled bumps that look like acne
- Thickened skin, especially on the nose
- Burning, stinging, or dry skin
- Eye problems, including redness, irritation, or a gritty feeling
How Is Rosacea Diagnosed?
Doctors diagnose rosacea by examining the skin and asking about symptoms and family history. There are no specific tests for rosacea, but sometimes tests are done to rule out other skin conditions.
"Without treatment, rosacea often worsens over time, leading to persistent redness and more severe symptoms. The good news is that with proper care and medical treatments, symptoms can be managed effectively," explains Dr. Saleh.
Treatment and Management of Rosacea
There is no cure for rosacea, but treatments can help manage symptoms. Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and may include:
- Avoiding triggers that cause flare-ups
- Using gentle skin care products and washing with mild soap and lukewarm water
- Applying moisturizers and sunscreen daily
- Taking prescribed oral or topical antibiotics
- Using prescription creams that reduce redness and swelling
- Laser therapy or other light treatments to shrink blood vessels
- Surgery for severe cases of rhinophyma
Self-Care Tips for Managing Rosacea
Since rosacea is a lifelong condition, managing symptoms is important. Here are some self-care tips:
- Identify and avoid personal triggers
- Use fragrance-free, non-irritating skin care products
- Apply sunscreen daily (SPF 15 or higher)
- Drink cool water and use a cold towel on your face after exercise
- Avoid scrubbing or using harsh facial treatments
- Use green-tinted makeup to cover redness
When to See a Doctor for Rosacea
If you notice persistent redness, frequent flushing, or skin changes, talk to a healthcare provider. Seek medical advice if:
- Symptoms don’t improve with treatment
- You experience eye irritation, redness, or vision problems
- Your skin becomes thickened or swollen
Rosacea is a common but manageable skin condition. While there’s no cure, identifying triggers and following a treatment plan can help control symptoms. If you think you have rosacea, consult a doctor to find the best treatment for you. By taking care of your skin and avoiding triggers, you can reduce flare-ups and keep your skin healthy. Schedule an appointment with a dermatologist today at PIHHealth.org/Appointments to discuss your symptoms and find the best treatment plan for you.
© 2000-2025 The StayWell Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This information is not intended as a substitute for professional medical care. Always follow your healthcare professional's instructions.
Jamal Zouheir Saleh MD
Jamal Saleh MD is a dermatologist who sees patients of all ages and any skin concerns. He is particularly interested in skin cancer and autoimmune skin disease. Dr. Saleh decided to specialize in dermatology because he found it to be a visual, detail-oriented area of medicine that requires strong diagnostic abilities and a broad base of knowledge that combines several areas of medicine. “Being a doctor is both intellectually stimulating and personally gratifying,” he said. “I strive to make a meaningful difference in the lives of my patients. I also enjoy seeing a patient’s quality of life improve once their skin condition improves.” In his free time, Dr. Saleh enjoys crafting espresso-based drinks and sipping all forms of coffee. He likes trying new restaurants and cuisines and loves spending time with his family.
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